803 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
803 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
# Tracy 集成到 Unity 的完整指南
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## 概述
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Tracy 是一个强大的 C++ 性能分析工具，要在 Unity 中使用它，需要通过 **Native Plugin** 的方式集成。本指南将介绍两种主要的集成方法。
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---
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## 方法一：通过 Native Plugin 集成（推荐）
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这是最常用和最灵活的方法，适用于所有Unity项目。
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### 1. 创建 Tracy Native Plugin
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#### 步骤 1：创建 C++ 动态库项目
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创建一个新的 C++ DLL/Shared Library 项目：
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**目录结构：**
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```
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UnityTracyPlugin/
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├── src/
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│ ├── TracyUnityPlugin.cpp
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│ └── TracyUnityPlugin.h
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├── include/
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│ └── tracy/ # Tracy 源代码
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├── CMakeLists.txt
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└── build/
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```
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#### 步骤 2：编写 Plugin 代码
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**TracyUnityPlugin.h:**
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```cpp
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#ifndef TRACY_UNITY_PLUGIN_H
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#define TRACY_UNITY_PLUGIN_H
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// Unity Native Plugin 需要使用 C 导出
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#ifdef __cplusplus
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extern "C" {
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#endif
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// 平台定义
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#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
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#define UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
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#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__linux__)
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#define UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
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#else
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#define UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT
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#endif
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// Tracy API
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyInit();
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyShutdown();
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyFrameMark();
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyBeginZone(const char* name, const char* function, const char* file, int line);
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyEndZone();
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyPlotValue(const char* name, double value);
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyMessage(const char* message);
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracySetThreadName(const char* name);
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#ifdef __cplusplus
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}
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#endif
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#endif // TRACY_UNITY_PLUGIN_H
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```
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**TracyUnityPlugin.cpp:**
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```cpp
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#include "TracyUnityPlugin.h"
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#include "tracy/Tracy.hpp"
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#include <string>
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#include <unordered_map>
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#include <mutex>
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// 用于管理 Zone 的结构
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struct ZoneContext {
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tracy::ScopedZone* zone;
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};
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static std::unordered_map<int, ZoneContext> g_zones;
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static std::mutex g_zonesMutex;
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static int g_nextZoneId = 1;
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extern "C" {
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyInit() {
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// Tracy 会自动初始化，这里可以做一些额外的设置
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}
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyShutdown() {
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std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_zonesMutex);
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g_zones.clear();
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}
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyFrameMark() {
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FrameMark;
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}
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT int TracyBeginZone(const char* name, const char* function, const char* file, int line) {
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std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_zonesMutex);
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int zoneId = g_nextZoneId++;
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// 创建 Zone（注意：这是简化版本，实际使用中需要更复杂的处理）
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tracy::SourceLocationData loc;
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loc.name = name;
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loc.function = function;
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loc.file = file;
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loc.line = (uint32_t)line;
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// 实际使用中，你可能需要使用 Tracy 的宏来正确创建 Zone
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// 这里仅作示例
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return zoneId;
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}
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyEndZone(int zoneId) {
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std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_zonesMutex);
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auto it = g_zones.find(zoneId);
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if (it != g_zones.end()) {
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delete it->second.zone;
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g_zones.erase(it);
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}
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}
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyPlotValue(const char* name, double value) {
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TracyPlot(name, value);
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}
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyMessage(const char* message) {
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TracyMessage(message, strlen(message));
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}
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UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracySetThreadName(const char* name) {
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tracy::SetThreadName(name);
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}
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} // extern "C"
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```
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#### 步骤 3：CMakeLists.txt 配置
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```cmake
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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
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project(UnityTracyPlugin)
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set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
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# Tracy 配置
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option(TRACY_ENABLE "Enable Tracy profiling" ON)
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option(TRACY_ON_DEMAND "Tracy on-demand profiling" ON)
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add_definitions(-DTRACY_ENABLE)
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add_definitions(-DTRACY_ON_DEMAND)
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# Tracy 源文件
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set(TRACY_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/tracy")
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set(TRACY_SOURCES
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${TRACY_DIR}/public/TracyClient.cpp
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)
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# Plugin 源文件
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set(PLUGIN_SOURCES
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src/TracyUnityPlugin.cpp
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${TRACY_SOURCES}
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)
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# 包含目录
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include_directories(
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${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src
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${TRACY_DIR}/public
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)
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# 创建动态库
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add_library(UnityTracyPlugin SHARED ${PLUGIN_SOURCES})
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# Windows 平台设置
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if(WIN32)
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target_link_libraries(UnityTracyPlugin ws2_32 dbghelp)
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endif()
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# macOS/iOS 平台设置
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if(APPLE)
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set_target_properties(UnityTracyPlugin PROPERTIES
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FRAMEWORK FALSE
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MACOSX_RPATH TRUE
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)
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endif()
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# Linux/Android 平台设置
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if(UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
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target_link_libraries(UnityTracyPlugin pthread dl)
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endif()
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```
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#### 步骤 4：编译 Plugin
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```bash
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# Windows
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mkdir build
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cd build
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cmake .. -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64
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cmake --build . --config Release
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# macOS
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mkdir build
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cd build
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cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
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make
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# Linux
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mkdir build
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cd build
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cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
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make
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```
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### 2. Unity 端集成
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#### 步骤 1：将编译好的 DLL 放入 Unity 项目
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```
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UnityProject/
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└── Assets/
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└── Plugins/
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├── x86_64/
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│ └── UnityTracyPlugin.dll # Windows 64位
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├── x86/
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│ └── UnityTracyPlugin.dll # Windows 32位
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├── Android/
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│ ├── arm64-v8a/
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│ │ └── libUnityTracyPlugin.so # Android ARM64
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│ └── armeabi-v7a/
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│ └── libUnityTracyPlugin.so # Android ARM32
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├── iOS/
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│ └── libUnityTracyPlugin.a # iOS 静态库
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└── macOS/
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└── libUnityTracyPlugin.dylib # macOS
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```
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#### 步骤 2：创建 C# Wrapper
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**Tracy.cs:**
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```csharp
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using System;
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using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
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using UnityEngine;
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namespace TracyProfiler
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// Tracy 性能分析器的 Unity 封装
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/// </summary>
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public static class Tracy
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{
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private const string DLL_NAME = "UnityTracyPlugin";
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#region Native Methods
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[DllImport(DLL_NAME, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
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private static extern void TracyInit();
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[DllImport(DLL_NAME, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
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private static extern void TracyShutdown();
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[DllImport(DLL_NAME, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
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private static extern void TracyFrameMark();
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[DllImport(DLL_NAME, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
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private static extern int TracyBeginZone(string name, string function, string file, int line);
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[DllImport(DLL_NAME, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
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private static extern void TracyEndZone(int zoneId);
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[DllImport(DLL_NAME, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
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private static extern void TracyPlotValue(string name, double value);
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[DllImport(DLL_NAME, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
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private static extern void TracyMessage(string message);
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[DllImport(DLL_NAME, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
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private static extern void TracySetThreadName(string name);
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#endregion
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private static bool s_initialized = false;
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/// <summary>
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/// 初始化 Tracy
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/// </summary>
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public static void Initialize()
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{
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if (s_initialized) return;
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try
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{
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TracyInit();
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s_initialized = true;
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Debug.Log("Tracy Profiler 已初始化");
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}
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catch (Exception e)
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{
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Debug.LogError($"Tracy 初始化失败: {e.Message}");
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 关闭 Tracy
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/// </summary>
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public static void Shutdown()
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{
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if (!s_initialized) return;
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try
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{
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TracyShutdown();
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s_initialized = false;
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}
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catch (Exception e)
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{
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Debug.LogError($"Tracy 关闭失败: {e.Message}");
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 标记帧边界（通常在每帧末尾调用）
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/// </summary>
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public static void MarkFrame()
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{
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if (!s_initialized) return;
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TracyFrameMark();
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 绘制数值（用于实时监控变量）
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/// </summary>
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public static void Plot(string name, double value)
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{
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if (!s_initialized) return;
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TracyPlotValue(name, value);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 发送消息到 Tracy
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/// </summary>
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public static void Message(string message)
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{
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if (!s_initialized) return;
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TracyMessage(message);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 设置当前线程名称
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/// </summary>
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public static void SetThreadName(string name)
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{
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if (!s_initialized) return;
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TracySetThreadName(name);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Tracy Zone 的作用域包装器（使用 using 语句自动管理生命周期）
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/// </summary>
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public struct ZoneScope : IDisposable
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{
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private int zoneId;
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private bool isValid;
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public ZoneScope(string name,
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[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallerMemberName] string function = "",
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[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallerFilePath] string file = "",
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[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallerLineNumber] int line = 0)
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{
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if (s_initialized)
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{
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zoneId = TracyBeginZone(name, function, file, line);
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isValid = true;
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}
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else
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{
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zoneId = -1;
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isValid = false;
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}
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}
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public void Dispose()
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{
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if (isValid && s_initialized)
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{
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TracyEndZone(zoneId);
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}
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 创建一个 Tracy Zone（性能追踪区域）
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/// 使用 using 语句确保自动结束
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/// </summary>
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public static ZoneScope BeginZone(string name)
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{
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return new ZoneScope(name);
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}
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}
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}
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```
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#### 步骤 3：创建 Tracy Manager
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**TracyManager.cs:**
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```csharp
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using UnityEngine;
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namespace TracyProfiler
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// Tracy 管理器 - 负责初始化和每帧更新
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/// </summary>
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public class TracyManager : MonoBehaviour
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{
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[Header("Tracy Settings")]
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[SerializeField] private bool enableOnStart = true;
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[SerializeField] private bool markFrames = true;
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private void Awake()
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{
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// 确保只有一个实例
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if (FindObjectsOfType<TracyManager>().Length > 1)
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{
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Destroy(gameObject);
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return;
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}
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DontDestroyOnLoad(gameObject);
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if (enableOnStart)
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{
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Tracy.Initialize();
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}
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}
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private void LateUpdate()
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{
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// 在每帧末尾标记帧边界
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if (markFrames)
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{
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Tracy.MarkFrame();
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}
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// 示例：绘制一些有用的性能数据
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Tracy.Plot("FPS", 1.0f / Time.deltaTime);
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Tracy.Plot("Frame Time (ms)", Time.deltaTime * 1000.0f);
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Tracy.Plot("Total Allocated Memory (MB)", GC.GetTotalMemory(false) / (1024.0 * 1024.0));
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}
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private void OnDestroy()
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{
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Tracy.Shutdown();
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}
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private void OnApplicationQuit()
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{
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Tracy.Shutdown();
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}
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}
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}
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```
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#### 步骤 4：使用示例
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**GameManager.cs:**
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```csharp
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using UnityEngine;
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using TracyProfiler;
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public class GameManager : MonoBehaviour
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{
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private void Update()
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{
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// 追踪整个 Update 方法
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using (Tracy.BeginZone("GameManager.Update"))
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{
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ProcessInput();
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UpdateGameLogic();
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UpdateAI();
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}
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}
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private void ProcessInput()
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{
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using (Tracy.BeginZone("ProcessInput"))
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{
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// 输入处理代码
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if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space))
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{
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Tracy.Message("玩家按下空格键");
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}
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}
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}
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private void UpdateGameLogic()
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{
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using (Tracy.BeginZone("UpdateGameLogic"))
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{
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// 游戏逻辑代码
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for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
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{
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// 一些计算
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}
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}
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}
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private void UpdateAI()
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{
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using (Tracy.BeginZone("UpdateAI"))
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{
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// AI 更新代码
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Tracy.Plot("Enemy Count", GameObject.FindGameObjectsWithTag("Enemy").Length);
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}
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}
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}
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```
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**PhysicsController.cs:**
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```csharp
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using UnityEngine;
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using TracyProfiler;
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public class PhysicsController : MonoBehaviour
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{
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private void FixedUpdate()
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{
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using (Tracy.BeginZone("PhysicsController.FixedUpdate"))
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{
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PerformPhysicsCalculations();
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}
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}
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private void PerformPhysicsCalculations()
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{
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using (Tracy.BeginZone("Physics Calculations"))
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{
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// 物理计算
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Rigidbody[] rigidbodies = FindObjectsOfType<Rigidbody>();
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Tracy.Plot("Active Rigidbodies", rigidbodies.Length);
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foreach (var rb in rigidbodies)
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{
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// 处理刚体
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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---
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## 方法二：IL2CPP 后端集成
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当 Unity 使用 IL2CPP 作为脚本后端时，可以直接在生成的 C++ 代码中集成 Tracy。
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### 1. 配置 IL2CPP
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在 Unity 项目中创建 `il2cpp_custom.cpp`：
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```cpp
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// 放置在: Assets/Plugins/IL2CPP/il2cpp_custom.cpp
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#include "il2cpp-config.h"
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// 包含 Tracy
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#define TRACY_ENABLE
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#include "tracy/Tracy.hpp"
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// IL2CPP 钩子函数
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extern "C" void UnityPluginLoad(void* unityInterfaces)
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{
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// Tracy 会自动初始化
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}
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|
||
extern "C" void UnityPluginUnload()
|
||
{
|
||
// Tracy 清理
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 2. 修改 IL2CPP 构建设置
|
||
|
||
在 Unity 的 Player Settings 中：
|
||
1. 切换到 IL2CPP 脚本后端
|
||
2. 添加额外的编译参数：`-DTRACY_ENABLE -DTRACY_ON_DEMAND`
|
||
3. 链接 Tracy 库
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 方法三：Unity Profiler 集成（可选）
|
||
|
||
可以创建一个桥接层，将 Unity Profiler 的数据转发到 Tracy。
|
||
|
||
**UnityToTracyBridge.cs:**
|
||
```csharp
|
||
using UnityEngine;
|
||
using UnityEngine.Profiling;
|
||
using TracyProfiler;
|
||
|
||
public class UnityToTracyBridge : MonoBehaviour
|
||
{
|
||
private CustomSampler[] samplers;
|
||
|
||
private void Start()
|
||
{
|
||
// 创建自定义采样器
|
||
samplers = new CustomSampler[]
|
||
{
|
||
CustomSampler.Create("Render"),
|
||
CustomSampler.Create("Physics"),
|
||
CustomSampler.Create("Scripts"),
|
||
CustomSampler.Create("GarbageCollector"),
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private void LateUpdate()
|
||
{
|
||
// 将 Unity Profiler 数据转发到 Tracy
|
||
foreach (var sampler in samplers)
|
||
{
|
||
Tracy.Plot(sampler.name + " (ms)", sampler.GetRecorder().elapsedNanoseconds / 1000000.0);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 内存统计
|
||
Tracy.Plot("Used Heap Size (MB)", Profiler.usedHeapSizeLong / (1024.0 * 1024.0));
|
||
Tracy.Plot("Total Allocated Memory (MB)", Profiler.GetTotalAllocatedMemoryLong() / (1024.0 * 1024.0));
|
||
Tracy.Plot("Total Reserved Memory (MB)", Profiler.GetTotalReservedMemoryLong() / (1024.0 * 1024.0));
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 平台特定配置
|
||
|
||
### Windows
|
||
- 使用 Visual Studio 编译 DLL
|
||
- 确保链接 `ws2_32.lib` 和 `dbghelp.lib`
|
||
|
||
### macOS / iOS
|
||
- 使用 Xcode 编译动态库或框架
|
||
- 注意代码签名要求
|
||
|
||
### Android
|
||
- 为不同的 ABI 编译：armeabi-v7a, arm64-v8a, x86, x86_64
|
||
- 在 `gradle.properties` 中配置 NDK 路径
|
||
|
||
### Linux
|
||
- 链接 `pthread` 和 `dl`
|
||
- 确保 GLIBC 版本兼容
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 使用 Tracy Profiler 查看数据
|
||
|
||
### 1. 启动 Tracy Profiler
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 从 Tracy 仓库构建或下载预编译版本
|
||
# 运行 Tracy.exe (Windows) 或 Tracy (macOS/Linux)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 2. 连接到 Unity 应用
|
||
|
||
- Tracy Profiler 会自动发现本地网络中的 Tracy 客户端
|
||
- 点击连接即可开始分析
|
||
|
||
### 3. 查看性能数据
|
||
|
||
- **时间线视图**: 查看各个 Zone 的执行时间
|
||
- **统计视图**: 查看函数调用次数和平均耗时
|
||
- **内存视图**: 查看内存分配情况
|
||
- **图表视图**: 查看 Plot 数据的实时曲线
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 最佳实践
|
||
|
||
### 1. 性能开销
|
||
- Tracy 的开销很小，但仍建议在 Release 构建中禁用细粒度的 Zone
|
||
- 使用条件编译：`#if TRACY_ENABLE`
|
||
|
||
### 2. Zone 命名
|
||
- 使用清晰、描述性的名称
|
||
- 包含类名和方法名，如 `"PlayerController.Move"`
|
||
|
||
### 3. 合理使用 Plot
|
||
- 不要在每帧绘制过多数据点
|
||
- 专注于关键性能指标
|
||
|
||
### 4. 多线程支持
|
||
- Unity 的 Job System 需要特殊处理
|
||
- 在每个 Job 中调用 `Tracy.SetThreadName()`
|
||
|
||
### 5. 移动平台
|
||
- 注意无线网络连接的延迟
|
||
- 可以使用 Tracy 的文件保存功能，之后再分析
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 故障排除
|
||
|
||
### 问题 1: DLL 加载失败
|
||
**解决方案:**
|
||
- 检查 Plugin 导入设置中的平台配置
|
||
- 确保 DLL 与 Unity 架构匹配（x64/x86）
|
||
- 检查依赖库是否缺失
|
||
|
||
### 问题 2: Tracy Profiler 无法连接
|
||
**解决方案:**
|
||
- 确保防火墙允许 TCP 端口 8086
|
||
- 检查 `TRACY_ON_DEMAND` 是否正确定义
|
||
- 确认 Tracy.Initialize() 已被调用
|
||
|
||
### 问题 3: 性能数据不准确
|
||
**解决方案:**
|
||
- 使用 Release 构建测试
|
||
- 禁用 Unity Editor 的 Deep Profiling
|
||
- 确保 V-Sync 和帧率限制的设置符合预期
|
||
|
||
### 问题 4: Android 构建失败
|
||
**解决方案:**
|
||
- 检查 NDK 版本兼容性
|
||
- 在 `build.gradle` 中添加必要的链接器标志
|
||
- 确保所有 ABI 的库都已编译
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 进阶功能
|
||
|
||
### 1. 自定义内存分配追踪
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
// 在 Plugin 中添加
|
||
UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyAllocNamed(void* ptr, size_t size, const char* name) {
|
||
TracyAllocN(ptr, size, name);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
UNITY_PLUGIN_EXPORT void TracyFreeNamed(void* ptr, const char* name) {
|
||
TracyFreeN(ptr, name);
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
// 在 C# 中使用
|
||
public class TrackedMemoryPool
|
||
{
|
||
public void Allocate(int size)
|
||
{
|
||
IntPtr ptr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size);
|
||
Tracy.AllocNamed(ptr, size, "Memory Pool");
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public void Free(IntPtr ptr)
|
||
{
|
||
Tracy.FreeNamed(ptr, "Memory Pool");
|
||
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(ptr);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 2. GPU 性能追踪
|
||
|
||
Tracy 支持 OpenGL、Vulkan、DirectX 的 GPU 追踪，但需要在渲染管线中集成。
|
||
|
||
### 3. 锁竞争分析
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
// 在 Plugin 中
|
||
#define LockableName(type, varname) TracyLockableN(type, varname, #varname)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 总结
|
||
|
||
将 Tracy 集成到 Unity 中可以提供比 Unity Profiler 更详细的性能分析数据，特别是对于：
|
||
|
||
1. **Native Code 性能** - 如果你使用了大量 Native Plugin
|
||
2. **多线程分析** - Tracy 的线程视图非常直观
|
||
3. **跨平台分析** - 统一的工具链
|
||
4. **帧级别分析** - 精确到微秒的时间线
|
||
|
||
根据你的项目需求，选择合适的集成方法。对于大多数项目，**方法一（Native Plugin）** 是最推荐的方式。
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 参考资源
|
||
|
||
- [Tracy 官方仓库](https://github.com/wolfpld/tracy)
|
||
- [Tracy 手册](https://github.com/wolfpld/tracy/releases/latest/download/tracy.pdf)
|
||
- [Unity Native Plugin 文档](https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/NativePlugins.html)
|
||
- [IL2CPP 脚本后端](https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/IL2CPP.html)
|
||
|